1000s (decade)
1000s: events by year
Contents: 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009
By place
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
- September 9 – Battle of Svolder: King Olaf Tryggvason is defeated by an alliance of his enemies, in this notable naval battle of the Viking Age.
- December 25 – Stephen I becomes King of Hungary, which is established as a Christian kingdom.
- Sancho III of Navarre becomes King of Aragon and Navarre.
- Sweyn I establishes Danish control over part of Norway.
- Oslo, Norway is founded (the exact year is debatable, but the 1,000 year anniversary was held in the year 2000).
- Emperor Otto III makes a pilgrimage from Rome to Aachen and Gniezno (Gnesen), stopping at Regensburg, Meissen, Magdeburg, and Gniezno. The Congress of Gniezno (with Bolesław I Chrobry) is part of his pilgrimage. In Rome, he builds the basilica of San Bartolomeo all'Isola, to host the relics of St. Bartholomew.
- The Château de Goulaine vineyard is founded in France.
- Kingdom of England annexes Kingdom of Cornwall.
By topic
Art
Religion
Science and technology
- Scientific achievements in the Arab civilization reach their zenith, with the emergence of the first experimental scientists and the scientific method, which will form the basis of modern science.
- Arab Muslim scientist, Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), writes his influential Book of Optics.
- Persian Muslim scientist, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni publishes his influential The Canon of Medicine and The Book of Healing.
- Arab Muslim physician, Abu al-Qasim (Abulcasis) publishes his influential 30-volume medical encyclopedia the Al-Tasrif.
- Arab Muslim mathematician and astronomer, Ibn Yunus, publishes his astronomical treatise Al-Zij al-Hakimi al-Kabir in Cairo.
- Persian Muslim astronomer and mathematician, Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi, invents the astronomical sextant and first states a special case of Fermat's last theorem.
- The Bell foundry is founded in Italy by Pontificia Fonderia Marinelli.
- Gunpowder is invented in China.
- Paper has largely replaced vellum and parchment in Islamic realm, encouraging the proliferation on increasingly elaborate and decorative cursive scripts.
Demographics
By place
Europe
- February 6 – After leading the revolt against Emperor Otto III and expelling the Crescentii, Gregory I, Count of Tusculum is named "Head of the Republic"
- July 31 – Emperor Otto III confirms possessions of Ulric Manfred II of Turin and grants him privileges.
- July – Sergius II becomes Patriarch of Constantinople
- Byzantine Emperor Basil II attempts to reconquer Bulgaria.
- Robert II, King of France marries for the third time, with Constance Taillefer d'Arles.
- Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor has Charlemagne's vault opened (see Aachen Cathedral).
- The First Battle of Alton: Danish invaders defeat the English.
- Battle of Pinhoe: Vikings defeat Anglo-Saxons in Devon.
- Boleslaw I of Poland begins ruling parts of Slovakia
- Vseslav Izyaslavich of Polotsk begins ruling Polotsk.
- Werner I, Bishop of Strasbourg begins ruling Archbishopric of Strasbourg.
- Second voyage of Ermengol I of Urgell to Rome.
- Þorgeirr Ljósvetningagoði ends being a lawspeaker in Iceland's Althing.
- Ælfgar, bishop of Elmham, is consecrated.
- Æthelric, bishop of Shepborne, is consecrated (other date is 1002).
- Æthelred is a bishop of Cornwall and dies shortly after that.
- Founding of Lloret de Mar, Catalonian town.
- First reference to Khotyn, Ukrainian town [1] and to Nyalka, Hungarian village, as to Chimudi.
Asia
- Baitoushan volcano on what would be the Chinese-Korean border, erupts with a force of 6.5, the fourth largest Holocene blast (approximate date).
- Tao/Tayk region is annexed by the Byzantines as the theme of Iberia
- Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader of Ghazni, begins a series of raids into Northern India. He will finish his conquest in 1027 with the destruction of Somnath.
- Jayapala suffers defeat from Ghaznavid Empire near Peshawar.
- Rebellion Cửu Long in Thanh Hoa province
- Khmer King Jayavarman V is succeeded by Udayadityavarman I and/or Suryavarman I.
- Construction begins on the Liaodi Pagoda, the tallest pagoda in Chinese history (completed in 1055).
- The Buddhist ruler of Butuan in the Philippines (P’u-tuan in the Sung Dynasty records), Sari Bata Shaja, makes the first tributary mission to China.
- Oqropiri (Ioane I), Svimeon III and Melkisedek I are Catholicoi of Iberia within one year.
Africa
North America
By topic
Religion
By place
Europe
- January 23 – Henry II succeeds Otto III as king of Germany.
- June – Frederick is sent as an imperial legate to the Synod of Pöhlde to mediate between the claims of Bernard, Bishop of Hildesheim, and Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz, concerning the control of the abbey of Gandersheim.
- July – Battle of Calatañazor: superior Christian armies of Castille led by Count Sancho García and León led by Alfonso V defeat invading Muslim forces under Almanzor.
- November 13 – St. Brice's Day massacre: English king Æthelred the Unready orders all Danes in England killed.
- November – Frederick is elected Archbishop of Ravenna.
- Vladivoj succeeds Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia.
- Otto of Worms withdraws his nomination for the title of Holy Roman Emperor and receives Duchy of Carinthia in return.
- Æthelred the Unready married Emma of Normandy, Richard's I the fearless, duke of Normandy's daughter.
- Brian Boru, King of Leinster and Munster, becomes High King of Ireland, breaking the Uí Néill monopoly on the title. Not satisfied with the submission of Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, Brian Boru makes an expedition to the north to take hostages from the northern states.
- John IV of Naples is probably released from German captivity by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- With a new group of colonists, an epidemic hits the Viking colony in Greenland.
- Danegeld is paid by Æthelred the Unready to prevent Viking raids against England.
Middle East
Sub-Saharan Africa
By place
Europe
Middle East
Eastern Asia
America
By topic
Art
Religion
By place
Africa
- Plague and famine episode in North Africa.[2]
Asia
Europe
By place
Europe
Eastern Asia
By place
Oceania
Europe
Asia
- Granaries for famine relief are set up across China.
- prince kacalukia travels from Persia to the island of time to reclame his fate
By topic
Religion
Astronomy
By place
Europe
- Aethelred buys two years of peace with the Danes for 36,000 pounds of silver.
- One of Mt. Vesuvius's many eruptions.
Asia
- Songjiang County, the later city of Shanghai, is founded (approximate date).
- king sharaban is killed by the vizier
- prince kacalukia becomes king of persia
- The vizier and his army invaded Babylon Persia
By topic
Religion
By place
Europe
Asia
By topic
Religion
By place
Europe
Asia
By topic
Religion
Science and technology
- The scientific achievements of the Islamic civilization reaches its zenith, with the emergence of the first experimental scientists and the scientific method, which would form the basis of modern science.
- Iraqi Muslim polymath and scientist, Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), who is considered the father of optics, the pioneer of the scientific method, and the "first scientist", moves to Egypt, where he invents the camera obscura, and writes his influential Book of Optics, which introduces the scientific method, and drastically transforms the understanding of light, optics, vision, and science in general
- Arab Andalusian Muslim physician, Abu al-Qasim (Abulcasis), the "father of modern surgery", publishes his influential 30-volume medical encyclopedia, the Al-Tasrif, which remains a standard textbook in the Islamic world and medieval Europe for centuries
- Persian Muslim polymath and physician, Avicenna publishes his influential encyclopedias, The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine, which remain standard textbooks in the Islamic world and medieval Europe for centuries
- Persian Muslim polymath and scientist, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, who is considered the father of geodesy and the "first anthropologist", writes books on many different topics, and rejects all theories which cannot be verified through experimentation.
- Arab Egyptian Muslim mathematician and astronomer, Ibn Yunus, publishes his astronomical treatise Al-Zij al-Hakimi al-Kabir.
- Persian Muslim physicist and mathematician, Abu Sahl al-Quhi (Kuhi), discovers that the heaviness of bodies vary with their distance from the center of the Earth, and solves equations higher than the second degree.
- Persian Muslim astronomer and mathematician, Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi, invents the astronomical sextant and first states a special case of Fermat's last theorem.
- Law of sines is discovered by Muslim mathematicians, but it is uncertain who discovers it first between Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi, Abu Nasr Mansur, Abu al-Wafa and al-Khujandi.[8][9]
- Bell foundry is founded in Italy.
- Gunpowder is invented in China.
Significant people
Births
Deaths
References
- ^ "Khotyn" (in Russian). Antychnyi Kyiv. http://www.kievantico.com.ua/service/travel_ukraine/hotin/. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
- ^ Gilbert Meynier (2010) L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; pp.47.
- ^ Moody, TW & Martin, FX (eds) (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork, Ireland: The Mercier Press. p. 113.
- ^ Palmer, Alan & Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 47–48. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 41. ISBN 88-8289-529-7.
- ^ "A history of Merapi". http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/merapi/. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ Sutton, Ian (1999). Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20316-3.
- ^ Also the 'sine law' (of geometry and trigonometry, applicable to sperical trigonometry) is attributed, among others, to Alkhujandi. (The three others are Abul Wafa Bozjani, Nasiruddin Tusi and Abu Nasr Mansur). Razvi, Syed Abbas Hasan (1991) A history of science, technology, and culture in Central Asia, Volume 1 University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, page 358, OCLC 26317600
- ^ Bijli suggests that three mathematicians are in contention for the honor, Alkhujandi, Abdul-Wafa and Mansur, leaving out Nasiruddin Tusi. Bijli, Shah Muhammad and Delli, Idarah-i Adabiyāt-i (2004) Early Muslims and their contribution to science: ninth to fourteenth century Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, Delhi, India, page 44, OCLC 66527483